The password of your macOS user account is also known as your login password. It's the password that you use to log in to your Mac and make certain changes, such as installing software.
Change your password
If you know your password and can use it to log in to your account, you can change your password in Users & Groups preferences:
- To create a firmware password, start up your Mac from macOS Recovery by pressing and holding the Command and R keys immediately after turning on your Mac. When the macOS Utilities window appears, choose Utilities Firmware Password Utility (OS X Mountain Lion through macOS Sierra) or Startup Security Utility (macOS High Sierra or later).
- If the password hint doesn't show up, that will be because it wasn't set to show password hints in the Login Options. Unfortunately, the only way to change this setting is to log into your Mac.
Top Mac Password Manager Apps. Forgetting passwords can be part of the daily routine thanks to.
- Choose System Preferences from the Apple menu, then click Users & Groups.
- Select your user name from the list of users.
- Click the Change Password button, then follow the onscreen instructions.
Reset your password
If you don't remember your password, or it isn't working, you might be able to reset it using one of the methods described below. But first try these simpler solutions:
- Make sure that you're typing the correct uppercase or lowercase characters. If your keyboard has Caps Lock turned on, the password field shows a Caps Lock symbol .
- If the password field shows a question mark, click it to display a password hint that might help you to remember.
- Try to log in without a password. If that works, you can then add a password by following the steps to change your password.
- Try to log in with the Apple ID password that you use for iCloud. If you just changed that password and the new password isn't working, try the old password first. If that works, you should be able to use the new password from then on.
Reset using your Apple ID
In some macOS versions, you can use your Apple ID to reset your login password. At the login screen, keep entering a password until you see a message saying that you can reset your password using Apple ID. If you don't see the message after three attempts, your account isn't set up to allow resetting with Apple ID.
- Click next to the Apple ID message, then follow the onscreen instructions to enter your Apple ID and create a new password. You'll be asked to restart when done.
- Log in with your new password.
- Determine whether to create a new login keychain.
Reset using another admin account
If you know the name and password of an admin account on your Mac, you can use that account to reset the password.
- Log in with the name and password of the other admin account.
- Choose System Preferences from the Apple menu, then click Users & Groups.
- Click , then enter the admin name and password again.
- Select your user name from the list of users.
- Click the Reset Password button, then follow the onscreen instructions to create a new password:
- Choose Log Out from the Apple menu.
- Log in to your account using your new password.
- Determine whether to create a new login keychain.
Reset using the Reset Password assistant (FileVault must be on)
If FileVault is turned on, you might be able to reset your password using the Reset Password assistant:
- Wait up to a minute at the login screen, until you see a message saying that you can use the power button on your Mac to shut down and start up again in Recovery OS. If you don't see this message, FileVault isn't on.
- Press and hold the power button until your Mac turns off.
- Press the power button again to turn on your Mac.
- When the Reset Password window appears, follow the onscreen instructions to create a new password.
If you need to connect to Wi-Fi, move your pointer to the top of the screen and use the Wi-Fi menu to connect. To exit without resetting your password, choose Apple menu > Restart. - When done, click Restart.
- If you were able to reset your password with the Reset Password assistant, log in to your account using your new password.
- Determine whether to create a new login keychain.
Reset using your Recovery Key (FileVault must be on)
If FileVault is turned on and you have a FileVault Recovery Key, you can use that key to reset your password.
- At the login screen, keep entering a password until you see a message saying that you can reset your password using your Recovery Key. If you don't see the message after three attempts, FileVault isn't on.
- Click next to the message. The password field changes to a Recovery Key field.
- Enter your Recovery Key. Use uppercase characters, and include the hyphens.
- Follow the onscreen instructions to create a new password, then click Reset Password when done.
- Determine whether to create a new login keychain.
If you can't log in with your new password after restarting your Mac, take these additional steps:
- Restart again, then immediately hold down Command-R or one of the other macOS Recovery key combinations until you see the Apple logo or a spinning globe.
- When you see the macOS Utilities window, choose Utilities > Terminal from the menu bar.
- In the Terminal window, type
resetpassword
, then press Return to open the Reset Password assistant pictured above. - Select 'My password doesn't work when logging in,' then click Next and follow the onscreen instructions for your user account.
Create a new login keychain, if necessary
After resetting your password and logging back in to your account, you might see an alert that the system was unable to unlock your login keychain. This is expected, because the passwords for your user account and login keychain no longer match. Just click the Create New Keychain button in the alert.
If you didn't see an alert about your login keychain, or you see other messages asking for your old password, reset your keychain manually:
- Open Keychain Access, which is in the Utilities folder of your Applications folder.
- Choose Preferences from the Keychain Access menu, then click the Reset My Default Keychain button in the preferences window. After you enter your new password, Keychain Access creates an empty login keychain with no password. Click OK to confirm.
If you don't see a Reset My Default keychain button, close the preferences window and select the 'login' keychain from the left side of the Keychain Access window. Press the Delete key, then click Delete References. - Choose Log Out from the Apple menu to return to the login screen.
- Log in to your account using your new password. Your account password and login keychain password now match again.
If you still can't log in
If you still can't log in with your password, contact Apple Support for help.
© Casezy idea/Shutterstock WPA2 is the safest password setting you have on your router. Casezy idea/Shutterstock1password X Edge
- WPA2 is currently the recommended password type for Wi-Fi routers, and lets you secure your network with a custom password.
- You can find and change your WPA2 password by logging into the router's settings page in a web browser.
- Visit Business Insider's Tech Reference library for more stories.
If you've had an internet router installed in your home recently, chances are that it's using WPA2 password protection.
Short for 'Wi-Fi protected Access 2,' WPA2 debuted in 2006 and has been the preferred security protocol since that time.
But how does WPA2 work? And is it even safe?
Here's what you need to know about WPA2, including a guide on how to find your WPA2 password using a Mac or PC.
Check out the products mentioned in this article:
Apple Macbook Pro (From $1,299.00 at Apple)
Acer Chromebook 15 (From $358.99 at Staples)
1password For Mac Reviews
WPA2 is the safest form of Wi-Fi password protection
WPA2 protection is immensely safe. WPA2 relies on a user-generated password to keep strangers out of your internet, and there's currently no way for a hacker to infiltrate it remotely.
The original security protocol for Wi-Fi networks was called WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy), but it had a number of serious vulnerabilities. Established in 1999, it had been cracked by 2001. It was then superseded by the first version of WPA in 2003, which was replaced by WPA2 in 2006.
If your router is using any security protocol other than WPA2, you should open the router's settings and change it to WPA2.
The most common way to locate your Wi-Fi router's security settings, which includes the WPA2 password, is by signing into your router's settings page in a web browser.
If the router's manufacturer offers a mobile app, you might be able to see the WPA2 settings there as well.
How to find your WPA2 password
1. To open the router's security settings, you'll need to know the router's IP address. This is often written on the side or bottom of the router itself, but if you can't find it there, you can look up the IP address on your computer. Check out our article on how to do just that.
© Dave Johnson/Business Insider The 'Default Gateway' on Windows computers is your router's IP address. Dave Johnson/Business InsiderChange your password
If you know your password and can use it to log in to your account, you can change your password in Users & Groups preferences:
- To create a firmware password, start up your Mac from macOS Recovery by pressing and holding the Command and R keys immediately after turning on your Mac. When the macOS Utilities window appears, choose Utilities Firmware Password Utility (OS X Mountain Lion through macOS Sierra) or Startup Security Utility (macOS High Sierra or later).
- If the password hint doesn't show up, that will be because it wasn't set to show password hints in the Login Options. Unfortunately, the only way to change this setting is to log into your Mac.
Top Mac Password Manager Apps. Forgetting passwords can be part of the daily routine thanks to.
- Choose System Preferences from the Apple menu, then click Users & Groups.
- Select your user name from the list of users.
- Click the Change Password button, then follow the onscreen instructions.
Reset your password
If you don't remember your password, or it isn't working, you might be able to reset it using one of the methods described below. But first try these simpler solutions:
- Make sure that you're typing the correct uppercase or lowercase characters. If your keyboard has Caps Lock turned on, the password field shows a Caps Lock symbol .
- If the password field shows a question mark, click it to display a password hint that might help you to remember.
- Try to log in without a password. If that works, you can then add a password by following the steps to change your password.
- Try to log in with the Apple ID password that you use for iCloud. If you just changed that password and the new password isn't working, try the old password first. If that works, you should be able to use the new password from then on.
Reset using your Apple ID
In some macOS versions, you can use your Apple ID to reset your login password. At the login screen, keep entering a password until you see a message saying that you can reset your password using Apple ID. If you don't see the message after three attempts, your account isn't set up to allow resetting with Apple ID.
- Click next to the Apple ID message, then follow the onscreen instructions to enter your Apple ID and create a new password. You'll be asked to restart when done.
- Log in with your new password.
- Determine whether to create a new login keychain.
Reset using another admin account
If you know the name and password of an admin account on your Mac, you can use that account to reset the password.
- Log in with the name and password of the other admin account.
- Choose System Preferences from the Apple menu, then click Users & Groups.
- Click , then enter the admin name and password again.
- Select your user name from the list of users.
- Click the Reset Password button, then follow the onscreen instructions to create a new password:
- Choose Log Out from the Apple menu.
- Log in to your account using your new password.
- Determine whether to create a new login keychain.
Reset using the Reset Password assistant (FileVault must be on)
If FileVault is turned on, you might be able to reset your password using the Reset Password assistant:
- Wait up to a minute at the login screen, until you see a message saying that you can use the power button on your Mac to shut down and start up again in Recovery OS. If you don't see this message, FileVault isn't on.
- Press and hold the power button until your Mac turns off.
- Press the power button again to turn on your Mac.
- When the Reset Password window appears, follow the onscreen instructions to create a new password.
If you need to connect to Wi-Fi, move your pointer to the top of the screen and use the Wi-Fi menu to connect. To exit without resetting your password, choose Apple menu > Restart. - When done, click Restart.
- If you were able to reset your password with the Reset Password assistant, log in to your account using your new password.
- Determine whether to create a new login keychain.
Reset using your Recovery Key (FileVault must be on)
If FileVault is turned on and you have a FileVault Recovery Key, you can use that key to reset your password.
- At the login screen, keep entering a password until you see a message saying that you can reset your password using your Recovery Key. If you don't see the message after three attempts, FileVault isn't on.
- Click next to the message. The password field changes to a Recovery Key field.
- Enter your Recovery Key. Use uppercase characters, and include the hyphens.
- Follow the onscreen instructions to create a new password, then click Reset Password when done.
- Determine whether to create a new login keychain.
If you can't log in with your new password after restarting your Mac, take these additional steps:
- Restart again, then immediately hold down Command-R or one of the other macOS Recovery key combinations until you see the Apple logo or a spinning globe.
- When you see the macOS Utilities window, choose Utilities > Terminal from the menu bar.
- In the Terminal window, type
resetpassword
, then press Return to open the Reset Password assistant pictured above. - Select 'My password doesn't work when logging in,' then click Next and follow the onscreen instructions for your user account.
Create a new login keychain, if necessary
After resetting your password and logging back in to your account, you might see an alert that the system was unable to unlock your login keychain. This is expected, because the passwords for your user account and login keychain no longer match. Just click the Create New Keychain button in the alert.
If you didn't see an alert about your login keychain, or you see other messages asking for your old password, reset your keychain manually:
- Open Keychain Access, which is in the Utilities folder of your Applications folder.
- Choose Preferences from the Keychain Access menu, then click the Reset My Default Keychain button in the preferences window. After you enter your new password, Keychain Access creates an empty login keychain with no password. Click OK to confirm.
If you don't see a Reset My Default keychain button, close the preferences window and select the 'login' keychain from the left side of the Keychain Access window. Press the Delete key, then click Delete References. - Choose Log Out from the Apple menu to return to the login screen.
- Log in to your account using your new password. Your account password and login keychain password now match again.
If you still can't log in
If you still can't log in with your password, contact Apple Support for help.
© Casezy idea/Shutterstock WPA2 is the safest password setting you have on your router. Casezy idea/Shutterstock1password X Edge
- WPA2 is currently the recommended password type for Wi-Fi routers, and lets you secure your network with a custom password.
- You can find and change your WPA2 password by logging into the router's settings page in a web browser.
- Visit Business Insider's Tech Reference library for more stories.
If you've had an internet router installed in your home recently, chances are that it's using WPA2 password protection.
Short for 'Wi-Fi protected Access 2,' WPA2 debuted in 2006 and has been the preferred security protocol since that time.
But how does WPA2 work? And is it even safe?
Here's what you need to know about WPA2, including a guide on how to find your WPA2 password using a Mac or PC.
Check out the products mentioned in this article:
Apple Macbook Pro (From $1,299.00 at Apple)
Acer Chromebook 15 (From $358.99 at Staples)
1password For Mac Reviews
WPA2 is the safest form of Wi-Fi password protection
WPA2 protection is immensely safe. WPA2 relies on a user-generated password to keep strangers out of your internet, and there's currently no way for a hacker to infiltrate it remotely.
The original security protocol for Wi-Fi networks was called WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy), but it had a number of serious vulnerabilities. Established in 1999, it had been cracked by 2001. It was then superseded by the first version of WPA in 2003, which was replaced by WPA2 in 2006.
If your router is using any security protocol other than WPA2, you should open the router's settings and change it to WPA2.
The most common way to locate your Wi-Fi router's security settings, which includes the WPA2 password, is by signing into your router's settings page in a web browser.
If the router's manufacturer offers a mobile app, you might be able to see the WPA2 settings there as well.
How to find your WPA2 password
1. To open the router's security settings, you'll need to know the router's IP address. This is often written on the side or bottom of the router itself, but if you can't find it there, you can look up the IP address on your computer. Check out our article on how to do just that.
© Dave Johnson/Business Insider The 'Default Gateway' on Windows computers is your router's IP address. Dave Johnson/Business InsiderWhat Is 1 Password For Macbook Pro
2. Once you have the IP address, open any web browser. In the browser, enter the router's IP address in the address bar and press Enter or Return.
1password Official Site
3. You'll need to log into the router's settings page using the username and password you used when you installed the router. Check the router's setup guide, or the notes you took when you reset the username and password. Many routers also have this written on the side or bottom.
© Dave Johnson/Business Insider Log into your router's settings page to find the WPA2 password. Dave Johnson/Business Insider4. Every router is different, but you can typically find the WPA2 settings in a section called 'wireless' or 'security.' You should see a menu in which you can select the security protocol (such as WEP, WPA, or WPA2) and the current password.
1password For Mac Free
© Dave Johnson/Business Insider You may need to browse the admin controls to find the security protocol. Dave Johnson/Business Insider1password Basic
If you find that you can't log into your router, or can't find your password, try contacting the router's manufacturer or your internet service provider.